Glossary

The AMF, or Financial Market Authority, is an independent public institution in France. It is responsible for ensuring the proper functioning of financial markets, protecting investors, and maintaining financial system stability. Established in 2003, the AMF succeeded the Commission des Opérations de Bourse (COB) and also incorporated the Financial Market Council (CMF) and the Financial Management Disciplinary Council (CDGF).

AML, or Anti-Money Laundering, refers to the set of regulations, policies, and procedures designed to prevent, detect, and combat money laundering. The goal of anti-money laundering measures is to protect the integrity of the financial system by preventing the use of illicit funds derived from criminal activities such as corruption, drug trafficking, or tax fraud.

Blockchain, or “blockchain” in French, is a technology for storing and transmitting information that operates in a decentralized manner, without a central authority such as a bank or government.

Dans un contexte d’investissement en constante évolution, le Club Deal s’impose comme une alternative attrayante pour les investisseurs souhaitant mutualiser leurs ressources afin d’accéder à des opportunités exclusives. Ce mode d’investissement collaboratif permet à un groupe restreint d’investisseurs de se regrouper pour financer un projet commun, bénéficiant ainsi d’une diversification des risques et d’une gestion optimisée des capitaux.

Le concept de Club Deal connaît une montée en puissance, notamment grâce à la digitalisation et aux évolutions réglementaires qui facilitent la structuration et la gestion de ces opérations. Autrefois réservée aux investisseurs institutionnels ou aux grandes fortunes, cette approche s’ouvre désormais à une communauté plus large, notamment via des plateformes dédiées et des solutions SaaS spécialisées.

Le club deal en private equity permet à des investisseurs d'accéder à des entreprises non cotées prometteuses, en investissant de façon collective. Il permet d'accéder à des opportunités d'investissement habituellement réservé aux seuls investisseurs professionnels.

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Real estate club deals are an increasingly popular investment method, especially to access quality transactions without having to mobilize significant capital alone. It combines flexibility, sharing and access to opportunities that were formerly reserved for institutions.

Co-investment is a strategy in which multiple investors join forces to finance a project or asset together. This approach is particularly common in sectors such as private equity, real estate, and infrastructure. In addition to collaborations led by a primary investor, often a fund or an asset management company, there are also club deals. These are formed by independent investors or companies not specialized in fund management, offering a more flexible and autonomous approach.

Collateralization is a financial mechanism in which an asset is used as security to back a loan or financial obligation. It allows borrowers to access funding by providing lenders with assurance that they can recover their capital in case of default. This process is essential in banking loans, financial markets, and DeFi, where crypto assets serve as collateral in automated protocols.

Crypto-assets are digital assets that rely on blockchain technology to ensure their authenticity, security, and exchangeability without intermediaries. They include cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ether, which serve as a means of payment or a store of value, as well as other types of tokens with specific uses. Among them, security tokens represent financial securities, while utility tokens provide access to services or benefits within an ecosystem.

A cryptocurrency is a digital currency that operates on a blockchain and is used as a medium of exchange, payment, or store of value. Unlike traditional currencies, it is not issued by a central bank but connected on blockchains to securely and transparently record and validate transactions. The most well-known cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ether, enable peer-to-peer payments without intermediaries and are often used as investment assets.

Fractional assets are physical or digital assets, such as a building, a work of art, or digital securities, that are divided into smaller shares to facilitate their acquisition and exchange. This process allows multiple investors to own a fraction of the same asset, making investment more accessible.

KYB (Know Your Business) is a verification process used by companies to confirm the identity and legitimacy of a business entity they interact with. Inspired by the KYC (Know Your Customer) concept, which applies to individuals, this process focuses on businesses and aims to ensure regulatory compliance, prevent fraud, and combat money laundering or the financing of terrorism.

KYC, or “Know Your Customer,” is a verification process designed to identify and authenticate the identity of an organization's customers. Essential in financial and regulated sectors, it aims to ensure compliance with regulations, prevent money laundering and terrorist financing, and reduce the risk of fraud.

A peer-to-peer (P2P) secondary market is an exchange space where cryptoassets, tokens, or other digital securities are traded directly between users, without a centralized intermediary. This model connects on connecting buyers and sellers directly through dedicated platforms or smart contracts, ensuring secure and transparent transactions via blockchain technology.

A tokenized asset is a real or digital asset, such as a building, a work of art, or a financial security, whose ownership is represented by tokens. A token is a digital unit stored on a blockchain that certifies a right of ownership or use over an asset.

A tokenized share is a company share converted into a token and recorded on a blockchain. This digital security retains the same rights as a traditional share, such as dividend rights or voting rights, while benefiting from the advantages of tokenization.